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NEW QUESTION # 45
Materials that are easily reduced to a granular or powdery condition after placement are known as:
- A. friable materials.
- B. calcined frits.
- C. granular grog.
- D. mineral additives.
Answer: A
Explanation:
PerAPI Std 936, friable materials are defined as:
"Friable: A term applied to a material that is easily reduced to a powdery or granular state by crushing or rubbing."
-API Std 936, Section 3: Definitions
This is a key property considered in refractory evaluation because friability can indicate material weakness after installation.
Therefore:
A (friable materials)is the correct and technically defined term.
The other terms refer to distinct classes of materials not defined this way.
NEW QUESTION # 46
What characteristic shall be required for form selection?
- A. Self-supporting
- B. Resist chemical attack
- C. Resist mechanical loads
- D. Transparent
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to API TR 980, a form must be able to support its own weight and the pressure from the refractory material:
"Formwork shall be self-supporting and capable of withstanding the static and dynamic loads imposed during installation."
- API TR 980, Section 4.2.1, Form Requirements
Transparency and chemical resistance are not required characteristics for refractory formwork in installation.
NEW QUESTION # 47
All the samples for the CCs test must be dried at 220 to 230?C (105 to 110?C) for
- A. 24 hrs (overnight)
- B. 18 hrs (overnight)
- C. 12 hrs (overnight)
- D. 20 hrs (overnight)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 48
Surface preparation and welding procedures are the responsibility of the:
- A. Inspector.
- B. Contractor.
- C. Owner.
- D. Manufacturer.
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to API Std 936 - Refractory Installation Quality Control, the roles and responsibilities of each party are clearly defined. Specifically, it states:
"The contractor shall be responsible for... the preparation of the surface prior to lining, and the quality of the workmanship, including the welding of anchors and any required preheat or post-weld heat treatment."
- API Std 936, Section 5.3.1, Contractor Responsibilities
Therefore, surface preparation and welding activities, including anchor welding, fall under the Contractor's scope of work. The inspector's role is to verify compliance, not to execute procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 49
Refractories chemically and physically stable at
- A. Average temperatures
- B. High temperatures
- C. None of the above
- D. Low temperatures
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which function of refractories is to resist temperature?
- A. Primary function
- B. None of the above
- C. Secondary function
- D. Tertiary function
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 51
Abrasion resistance of a material is reported as loss of:
- A. density.
- B. mass.
- C. area.
- D. volume.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Abrasion resistance testing of refractories, especially under ASTM C704 as referenced by API 936, evaluates material durability by measuring theloss of volumeafter a defined wear process using silicon carbide grit. This test simulates erosion environments (e.g., FCCU risers) and outputs the result incm³ or in³ of volume loss.
Loss of mass or density may also occur, but volume is the defined reporting metric.
Reference:
API TR 977 -Abrasion Resistance and C704 Improvements, confirms that abrasion is measured byvolume loss (in³ or cm³) under standard testing
NEW QUESTION # 52
Refractories containing a substantial amount of silica which is reactive with basic refractories, basic slags, or basic fluxes at high temperatures are known as
- A. Acid refractories
- B. Basic refractories
- C. None of the above
- D. Natural refecatories
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 53
Pre-turn around planning means
- A. At least 6 months prior to the turnaround
- B. At least 8 months prior to the turnaround
- C. Any of the above
- D. At least 12 months prior to the turnaround
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 54
During gunning, inclusion of rebound is minimized by which of the following techniques?
- A. Start at the lowest level elevation and build up gradually to full thickness in complete rings
- B. Cover all areas up to 1/2-in (13 mm) thick stud tip thickness before building to full thickness
- C. Start at the lowest level and build up gradually to full thickness in an area not more than 10 ft² (1 m²)
- D. Begin gunning at the lowest level and work around to full thickness in a spiral pattern
Answer: C
Explanation:
To minimize rebound during gunning, API TR 980 clearly instructs to:
"Begin at the lowest level of the installation and build up gradually to full thickness in a small area of approximately 10 ft² (1 m²), avoiding sweeping motions."
- API TR 980, Section 4.3.4
This method prevents rebound contamination and cold joints that could occur if a larger area is covered too quickly or in an uncontrolled pattern.
Therefore, Option C is correct, and Options A, B, and D are incorrect according to best practices outlined in API TR 980.
NEW QUESTION # 55
API 936, the standard test method for abrasion resistance of refractory materials at room temperature is
- A. C 181 - 91
- B. C 704 - 01
- C. None of the above
- D. C 113 - 02
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 56
Who is responsible to provide details of metal fiber reinforcement including dimensions, concentration, type and metallurgy?
- A. Manufacturer
- B. Contractor
- C. Inspector
- D. Owner
Answer: A
Explanation:
The manufactureris responsible for specifying the exactdimensions, type, concentration, and metallurgical propertiesof metal fiber reinforcement in castable refractories. These fibers are often integral to the formulation and performance of the material and are introduced during manufacturing (not field mixing), with characteristics tailored to improve thermal shock resistance and crack propagation control.
API 936 defers to the manufacturer's technical data for the design and quality control of any material component, including reinforcement. The contractor is responsible for verifying that materials match the manufacturer's documented specification.
Reference:
API Std 936, Section on "Material Submittals" and "Manufacturer's Technical Datasheets" API TR 978, Section on "Metallic Reinforcement in Monolithics" indicates that fiber specs are a manufacturer responsibility
NEW QUESTION # 57
Heating the new refractory too rapidly will cause
- A. Explosive spalling
- B. Chemical attack
- C. None of the above
- D. Structural deterioration
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 58
The loss of fragmented refractories from the face of the refractory structure, through cracking and rupturing which results in the exposure of the original inner portion of the refractory lining is called
- A. Spalling
- B. Bypassing
- C. Erosion
- D. Sheeting
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 59
A moldable refractory material that can be extruded and has a level of workability that permits it to be pounded into place to form a monolithic structure
- A. Ramming mix
- B. None of the above
- C. Monolithic refractory
- D. Plastic refractory
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 60
For as-installed testing in casting applications, what is the minimum number of cast samples required by each mixing crew per material per shift?
- A. Two
- B. One
- C. Three
- D. Four
Answer: A
Explanation:
API 936 requires thata minimum of two test specimens be cast for each material, per mixing crew, per shiftduring casting applications. This ensures quality assurance through redundancy, enabling confirmation of critical physical properties like density and compressive strength. The testing must reflect real field conditions and each active crew's installation consistency.
Reference:
API Std 936, Clause 7.3.2 - "At least two samples shall be prepared per material per crew per shift for as- installed testing."
NEW QUESTION # 61
Refractories that are resistant to chemical attack by both acid and basic slags, refractories, or fluxes at high temperature is
- A. None of the above
- B. Acid
- C. Neutral
- D. Basic
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 62
A condition describing a refractory lining that is soft and friable
- A. None of the above
- B. Slumping
- C. Bloating
- D. Plunky
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 63
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API-936 (Refractory Personnel) Certification Exam is a globally recognized certification program designed for individuals who are involved in the installation, inspection, testing, and maintenance of refractory materials in various industries such as petrochemical, power generation, and steel manufacturing. Refractory Personnel certification program is developed and administered by the American Petroleum Institute (API), a leading trade association that represents the oil and gas industry.
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